These notes document CLISP version 2.44
Copyright © 1992-2008 Bruno Haible
Copyright © 1998-2008 Sam Steingold
Legal Status of the CLISP Implementation Notes
These notes are dually licensed under GNU GFDL and GNU GPL. This means that you can redistribute this document under either of these two licenses, at your choice.
These notes are covered by the GNU GFDL. Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL), either version 1.2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF); with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover Text, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in Appendix B, GNU Free Documentation License.
These notes are covered by the GNU GPL. This document documents free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License (GPL), either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). A copy of the license is included in Appendix C, GNU General Public License.
Abstract
This document describes the GNU CLISP - an implementation of the [ANSI CL standard].
See the section called “Bugs” for instructions on how to report bugs (both in these notes and in CLISP itself).
See Q: A.1.1.5 for information on CLISP support.
Table of Contents
- Overview
- Conventions
- I. Chapters or the Common Lisp HyperSpec
- 1. Introduction [CLHS-1]
- 2. Syntax [CLHS-2]
- 3. Evaluation and Compilation [CLHS-3]
- 4. Types and Classes [CLHS-4]
- 5. Data and Control Flow [CLHS-5]
- 6. Iteration [CLHS-6]
- 7. Objects [CLHS-7]
- 8. Structures [CLHS-8]
- 9. Conditions [CLHS-9]
- 10. Symbols [CLHS-10]
- 11. Packages [CLHS-11]
- 12. Numbers [CLHS-12]
- 13. Characters [CLHS-13]
- 13.1. Character Scripts [CLHS-13.1.2.1]
- 13.2. Character Attributes [CLHS-13.1.3]
- 13.3. Graphic Characters [CLHS-13.1.4.1]
- 13.4. Alphabetic Characters [CLHS-13.1.4.2]
- 13.5. Characters With Case [CLHS-13.1.4.3]
- 13.6. Numeric Characters [CLHS-13.1.4.4]
- 13.7. Ordering of Characters [CLHS-13.1.6]
- 13.8. Treatment of Newline during Input and Output [CLHS-13.1.8]
- 13.9. Character Encodings [CLHS-13.1.9]
- 13.10. Documentation of Implementation-Defined Scripts [CLHS-13.1.10]
- 13.11. The Characters Dictionary [CLHS-13.2]
- 13.12. Platform-Dependent Characters
- 13.13. Obsolete Constants
- 14. Conses [CLHS-14]
- 15. Arrays [CLHS-15]
- 16. Strings [CLHS-16]
- 17. Sequences [CLHS-17]
- 18. Hash Tables [CLHS-18]
- 19. Filenames [CLHS-19]
- 20. Files [CLHS-20]
- 21. Streams [CLHS-21]
- 22. Printer [CLHS-22]
- 22.1. Multiple Possible Textual Representations [CLHS-22.1.1.1]
- 22.2. Printing Characters [CLHS-22.1.3.2]
- 22.3. Package Prefixes for Symbols [CLHS-22.1.3.3.1]
- 22.4. Printing Other Vectors [CLHS-22.1.3.7]
- 22.5. Printing Other Arrays [CLHS-22.1.3.8]
- 22.6. The Lisp Pretty Printer [CLHS-22.2]
- 22.7. Formatted Output [CLHS-22.3]
- 22.8. The Printer Dictionary [CLHS-22.4]
- 23. Reader [CLHS-23]
- 24. System Construction [CLHS-24]
- 25. Environment [CLHS-25]
- 26. Glossary [CLHS-26]
- 27. Appendix [CLHS-a]
- 28. X3J13 Issue Index [CLHS-ic]
- II. Common Portable Extensions
- III. Extensions Specific to CLISP
- 31. Platform Independent Extensions
- 31.1. Customizing CLISP Process Initialization and Termination
- 31.2. Saving an Image
- 31.3. Quitting CLISP
- 31.4. Internationalization of CLISP
- 31.5. Encodings
- 31.6. Generic streams
- 31.7. Weak Objects
- 31.8. Finalization
- 31.9. The Prompt
- 31.10. Maximum ANSI CL compliance
- 31.11. Additional Fancy Macros and Functions
- 31.12. Customizing CLISP behavior
- 31.13. Code Walker
- 32. Platform Specific Extensions
- 33. Extensions Implemented as Modules
- 33.1. System Calls
- 33.2. Internationalization of User Programs
- 33.3. POSIX Regular Expressions
- 33.4. Advanced Readline and History Functionality
- 33.5. GDBM - The GNU database manager
- 33.6. Berkeley DB access
- 33.7. Directory Access
- 33.8. PostgreSQL Database Access
- 33.9. Oracle Interface
- 33.10. LibSVM Interface
- 33.11. Computer Algebra System PARI
- 33.12. Matlab Interface
- 33.13. Netica Interface
- 33.14. Perl Compatible Regular Expressions
- 33.15. The Wildcard Module
- 33.16. ZLIB Interface
- 33.17. Raw Socket Access
- 33.18. The FastCGI Interface
- 33.19. GTK Interface
- IV. Internals of the CLISP Implementation
- V. Appendices
- Index
- References
List of Figures
- 29.1. Inheritance structure of metaobject classes
- 29.2. Inheritance structure of class metaobject classes
- 29.3. Inheritance structure of slot definition metaobject classes
- 29.4. Inheritance structure of generic function metaobject classes
- 29.5. Inheritance structure of method metaobject classes
- 29.6. Inheritance structure of specializer metaobject classes
- 29.7. Inheritance structure of method combination metaobject classes
List of Tables
- 1. Mark-up conventions
- 5.1. Function call limits
- 12.1. Boolean operations
- 12.2. Fixnum limits
- 13.1. Standard characters
- 13.2. Semi-standard characters
- 13.3. Additional Named Characters
- 13.4. Additional syntax for characters with code from #x00 to #x1F:
- 13.5. Number of characters
- 13.6. Additional characters (Win32 platform only.)
- 13.7. Additional characters (UNIX platform only.)
- 13.8. Character bit constants (obsolete)
- 15.1. Array limits
- 19.1. The minimum filename syntax that may be used portably
- 25.1. Commands common to the main loop, the debugger and the stepper
- 25.2. Commands common to the debugger and the stepper
- 25.3. Commands common to the debugger and the stepper
- 25.4. Commands specific to
EVAL/APPLY - 25.5. Commands specific to the debugger
- 25.6. Commands specific to the stepper
- 25.7. Time granularity
- 29.1. Direct Superclass Relationships Among The Specified Metaobject Classes
- 29.2. Initialization arguments and accessors for class metaobjects
- 29.3. Initialization arguments and accessors for slot definition metaobjects
- 29.4. Initialization arguments and accessors for generic function metaobjects
- 29.5. Initialization arguments and accessors for method metaobjects
- 29.6. The correspondence between slot access function and underlying slot access generic function
- 35.1. Memory models with
TYPECODES - 35.2. Memory models with
HEAPCODES
List of Examples
- 30.1. Example of
EXT:FILL-STREAMusage - 32.1. Simple declarations and access
- 32.2. external C variable and some accesses
- 32.3. Calling an external function
- 32.4. Another example for calling an external function
- 32.5. Accessing cpp macros
- 32.6. Calling Lisp from C
- 32.7. Calling Lisp from C dynamically
- 32.8. Variable size arguments: calling gethostname from CLISP
- 32.9. Accessing variables in shared libraries
- 32.10. Controlling validity of resources
- 32.11. Float point array computations
- 32.12. Lisp read-eval-print loop server
- 32.13. Lisp HTTP client
- 33.1.
REGEXP:MATCH - 33.2.
REGEXP:REGEXP-QUOTE
These notes discuss the CLISP implementation of Common Lisp by and . The current maintainers are and .
This implementation is mostly conforming to the [ANSI CL standard] available on-line as the [Common Lisp HyperSpec] (but the printed ANSI document remains the authoritative source of information). [ANSI CL standard] supersedes the earlier specifications [CLtL1] and [CLtL2].
The first part of these notes, Part I, “Chapters or the Common Lisp HyperSpec”, is indexed in parallel to the [Common Lisp HyperSpec] and documents how CLISP implements the standard [ANSI CL standard].
The second part, Part II, “Common Portable Extensions”, documents the
common extensions to the [ANSI CL standard], specifically Meta-Object Protocol and “GRAY”
STREAMs.
The third part, Part III, “Extensions Specific to CLISP”, documents the CLISP-specific extensions, e.g., Section 32.4, “Socket Streams”.
The fourth part, Part IV, “Internals of the CLISP Implementation”, is intended mostly
for developers as it documents the CLISP internals, e.g., garbage-collection,
adding new built-ins, and the bytecodes generated by the compiler
(i.e., what is printed by DISASSEMBLE).
The following is the mark-up notations used in this document:
Table 1. Mark-up conventions
| Object Kind | Example |
|---|---|
| Function | CAR |
| Variable | CUSTOM:*LOAD-PATHS* |
| Formal Argument | x |
| Keyword | :EOF |
| Number | 0 |
| Character | #\Newline |
| Class, type | REGEXP:MATCH |
| Format instruction | ~A |
| Standard lambda list keyword | &KEY |
| Declaration | FTYPE |
| Package | “COMMON-LISP-USER” |
| Real file | config.lisp |
| Abstract file | #P".c" |
| Code (you are likely to type it) | ( |
| Data (CLISP is likely to print it) | #(1 2 3) |
| Program listing |
(defun cycle-length (n |
| Bytecode instruction | (STOREV |
| First mention of an entity | firstterm |
| External module | libsvm, bindings/glibc |
Part I. Chapters or the [Common Lisp HyperSpec]
Table of Contents
- 1. Introduction [CLHS-1]
- 2. Syntax [CLHS-2]
- 3. Evaluation and Compilation [CLHS-3]
- 4. Types and Classes [CLHS-4]
- 5. Data and Control Flow [CLHS-5]
- 6. Iteration [CLHS-6]
- 7. Objects [CLHS-7]
- 8. Structures [CLHS-8]
- 9. Conditions [CLHS-9]
- 10. Symbols [CLHS-10]
- 11. Packages [CLHS-11]
- 12. Numbers [CLHS-12]
- 13. Characters [CLHS-13]
- 13.1. Character Scripts [CLHS-13.1.2.1]
- 13.2. Character Attributes [CLHS-13.1.3]
- 13.3. Graphic Characters [CLHS-13.1.4.1]
- 13.4. Alphabetic Characters [CLHS-13.1.4.2]
- 13.5. Characters With Case [CLHS-13.1.4.3]
- 13.6. Numeric Characters [CLHS-13.1.4.4]
- 13.7. Ordering of Characters [CLHS-13.1.6]
- 13.8. Treatment of Newline during Input and Output [CLHS-13.1.8]
- 13.9. Character Encodings [CLHS-13.1.9]
- 13.10. Documentation of Implementation-Defined Scripts [CLHS-13.1.10]
- 13.11. The Characters Dictionary [CLHS-13.2]
- 13.12. Platform-Dependent Characters
- 13.13. Obsolete Constants
- 14. Conses [CLHS-14]
- 15. Arrays [CLHS-15]
- 16. Strings [CLHS-16]
- 17. Sequences [CLHS-17]
- 18. Hash Tables [CLHS-18]
- 19. Filenames [CLHS-19]
- 20. Files [CLHS-20]
- 21. Streams [CLHS-21]
- 21.1. Interactive Streams [CLHS-21.1.1.1.3]
- 21.2. Terminal interaction
- 21.3. The Streams Dictionary [CLHS-21.2]
- 21.3.1. Function
STREAM-ELEMENT-TYPE - 21.3.2. Function
EXT:MAKE-STREAM - 21.3.3. Binary input,
READ-BYTE,EXT:READ-INTEGER&EXT:READ-FLOAT - 21.3.4. Binary output,
WRITE-BYTE,EXT:WRITE-INTEGER&EXT:WRITE-FLOAT - 21.3.5. Bulk Input and Output
- 21.3.6. Non-Blocking Input and Output
- 21.3.7. Function
FILE-POSITION - 21.3.8. Avoiding blank lines,
EXT:ELASTIC-NEWLINE - 21.3.9. Function
OPEN - 21.3.10. Function
CLOSE - 21.3.11. Function
OPEN-STREAM-P - 21.3.12. Class
BROADCAST-STREAM - 21.3.13. Functions EXT:MAKE-BUFFERED-INPUT-STREAM and EXT:MAKE-BUFFERED-OUTPUT-STREAM
- 21.3.1. Function
- 22. Printer [CLHS-22]
- 22.1. Multiple Possible Textual Representations [CLHS-22.1.1.1]
- 22.2. Printing Characters [CLHS-22.1.3.2]
- 22.3. Package Prefixes for Symbols [CLHS-22.1.3.3.1]
- 22.4. Printing Other Vectors [CLHS-22.1.3.7]
- 22.5. Printing Other Arrays [CLHS-22.1.3.8]
- 22.6. The Lisp Pretty Printer [CLHS-22.2]
- 22.7. Formatted Output [CLHS-22.3]
- 22.8. The Printer Dictionary [CLHS-22.4]
- 23. Reader [CLHS-23]